Unlocking the Cytogenetic Secrets in HIV-Infected Youth
When it comes to HIV treatment, antiretroviral therapy has been a game-changer. But what happens at the cellular level in the oral mucosa of children and adolescents undergoing this treatment? A recent study dives deep into this question.
The Source Article Details
Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral treatment by Maria Esther Suarez Alpire et al. in 2023.
The Source Article's Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate possible cytogenetic changes in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy, through the micronucleus test in oral mucosa.
Methods
This was a prospective study consisted of 40 individuals, of whom 21 comprised the human immunodeficiency virus group and 19 comprised the control group. The inclusion criteria were <18 years old and consent in participating in the study.
Results
The human immunodeficiency virus group showed high frequencies of micronuclei, binucleated cells, and nuclear buds. In the cytotoxicity parameters, there was an increase with statistical difference in the karyorrhexis frequency. Additionally, repair index was decreased in the human immunodeficiency virus group.
Conclusion
These results indicate that human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy have cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells.
The Source Article References
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- Impact of advanced HIV disease on quality of life and mortality in the era of combined antiretroviral treatment by Portilla-Tamarit J, 2021 in J Clin Med.
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Citing the Source Article (APA)
Alpire, M.E.S., Souza, D.V.d., Masutti, C.M.d.C.B., Caseiro, M.M., Ribeiro, D.A. (2023). Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral treatment. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992), 69(10), e20230397-e20230397. 10.1590/1806-9282.20230397
The Study’s Objective and Methodology
The study aimed to evaluate cytogenetic changes in the oral mucosal cells of children and adolescents with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy. It was a randomized controlled trial involving 40 participants, divided into two groups: one with HIV and the other as a control.
The researchers used the micronucleus test in oral mucosa cells to detect these changes. This test is crucial for understanding mutagenicity parameters like micronuclei, binucleation, and nuclear buds.
What the Results Reveal
The study found that the HIV group showed high frequencies of micronuclei, binucleated cells, and nuclear buds. These findings indicate that antiretroviral therapy may have some cytogenetic impact on oral mucosal cells.
Moreover, the study observed an increase in karyorrhexis frequency, a parameter of cytotoxicity, and a decrease in the repair index. These changes could have implications for oral health in HIV-infected youth.
Implications for the Medical Profession
- Need for Further Research: The study opens the door for more in-depth research into the long-term effects of antiretroviral therapy on oral health.
- Oral Health Monitoring: Given the cytogenetic changes, regular oral health check-ups may become essential for children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
- Interdisciplinary Approach: The findings suggest that an interdisciplinary approach involving pediatricians, HIV specialists, and dentists may be beneficial.
PP-ICONS: A Quick Evaluation
- Problem: Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells in HIV-infected youth.
- Patient or Population: Children and adolescents with HIV.
- Intervention: Antiretroviral therapy.
- Comparison: Control group without HIV.
- Outcome: High frequencies of micronuclei, binucleated cells, and nuclear buds.
- Number of Subjects: 40 participants.
- Statistics: Statistical significance in cytotoxicity parameters.
So, what do you think about these findings? Could they change the way we approach antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents with HIV? Feel free to share your thoughts below.